The hemp supply chain is a complex network involving cultivation, processing, manufacturing, and distribution of hemp-derived products. Understanding each stage is crucial for efficiency and compliance.

Cultivation

This initial stage involves growing hemp plants, which are legally defined as cannabis plants containing 0.3% or less tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on a dry weight basis.

Task	Description	Responsible Party
Seed Selection	Choosing appropriate hemp varieties for specific end products (e.g., fiber, grain, CBD).	Farmers, Agronomists
Land Preparation	Soil testing, nutrient management, and preparing fields for planting.	Farmers
Planting	Sowing hemp seeds at optimal times and conditions.	Farmers
Growing & Harvesting	Monitoring plant health, pest control, and harvesting at maturity.	Farmers

Processing

After harvesting, raw hemp material undergoes various processing steps to extract desired components.

Primary Processing

Stage	Description	Key Outputs
Drying	Reducing moisture content to prevent mold and preserve quality.	Dried Hemp Biomass, Fiber
Decortication	Separating the outer bark (bast fiber) from the inner woody core (hurd).	Hemp Fiber, Hemp Hurd
Threshing	Separating hemp seeds from the plant material.	Hemp Seeds

Secondary Processing (for specific products)

• Oil Extraction: Extracting cannabinoids (e.g., CBD) and other compounds from hemp biomass using methods like CO2 or ethanol extraction.
• Refinement: Further purification of extracts to remove unwanted compounds, often resulting in isolates or broad-spectrum oils.

Manufacturing

This stage involves converting processed hemp materials into a wide range of consumer and industrial products.

• Textiles: Producing fabrics, ropes, and other materials from hemp fiber.
• Food & Beverages: Utilizing hemp seeds for oils, protein powders, and various food products.
• Building Materials: Incorporating hemp hurd into "hempcrete" for construction.
• Health & Wellness Products: Formulating CBD oils, tinctures, topicals, and other supplements.
• Plastics & Composites: Developing sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics.

Distribution

The final stage involves getting finished hemp products to consumers through various channels.

• Wholesale: Selling products in bulk to retailers or other businesses.
• Retail: Direct sales to consumers through brick-and-mortar stores or online platforms.
• Export/Import: International trade of hemp and hemp-derived products, subject to global regulations.

Regulatory Landscape

The hemp industry is subject to evolving regulations at federal, state, and international levels. Key areas of regulation include:

• THC Content: Ensuring products remain below the legal THC limit.
• Labeling Requirements: Accurate representation of product contents and origin.
• Testing Standards: Verifying product purity and potency through third-party lab testing.
• Marketing Claims: Restrictions on health claims and other promotional statements.